How are asteroids detected and classified by NASA?

NASA and other space agencies use a variety of methods to detect and classify asteroids, particularly near-Earth objects (NEOs). These include ground-based telescopes, space observatories, and radar systems. Ground-based telescopes, including those at major observatories like the Arecibo Observatory (before its closure), scan the sky for moving objects that might be asteroids. Space observatories, like NASA's NEOWISE satellite, are used to detect smaller asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth. After detection, asteroids are classified based on size, trajectory, and reflectivity. This information helps scientists determine the potential risk they pose to Earth. Most large asteroids are detected well in advance, but smaller ones are often only discovered once they pass close to Earth. This continuous monitoring is vital for planetary defense and preparation in case a hazardous asteroid is detected.

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Asteroid 2025 BS4: Speed, Impact Risks, and NASA's Tracking | Financial Growth